9th CBSE Notes On Poverty As Challenge

  

 Grade : IX 

 ECONOMICS  CHAPTER : 3 

 POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE 

IMPROVE YOUR LEARNING

IMPROVE YOUR LEARNING

VSAQ 01. Define Poverty?

Ans: 

Poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter.

LAQ 02. Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India.

Ans: 

1. A common method used to measure poverty is based on income or consumption levels.
2. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” necessary to fulfill basic needs. 
3. As per 2000 figures; a family of five which is earning less than Rs. 1,640 per month is considered to be living below the poverty line. This figure is Rs. 2,270 per month for the urban area.
4. While determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirement, etc. are determined for subsistence. 
5. These physical quantities are multiplied by their prices in rupees. 
6. The resent formula for food requirements while estimating the poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement.
7. The expected calorie intake has been fixed at 2400 calories per person in rural areas and 2100 calories in urban areas. 
8. A person consuming less than this amount is considered to be living below the poverty line.

LAQ 03. What are the major reasons for poverty in India?

Ans: 

    There were a number of causes for the widespread poverty in India. 

1. Low level of economic development under the British colonial administration. 
2. Unequal distribution of resources and land made huge income inequalities.
3. Improper implementation of government policies after the Independence.
4. Less job opportunities due to rapid growth of population.
5. Small farmers borrow money from large farmers and unable to repay the loans.

VSAQ 04. Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India.

Ans: 

         Social groups, which are most vulnerable to poverty, are 

1. scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households. 
2. The rural agricultural labour households and urban casual labour households.

LAQ 05. Describe current government strategy of poverty alleviation?

Or

What are the Anti-poverty measures introduced by the govt of India? 

Ans:

Removal of poverty is one of the major objectives of the Indian developmental strategy. 

The current government strategy of poverty alleviation is based on two planks.

A) Promotion of Economic Growth

B) Targeted Anti-poverty Programmes

Some of the targeted anti-poverty programmes undertaken by the government are:

Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) : 

1. This programme was started in 1993. 
2. It aims at creating self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns.

Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP). 

1. This programme was launched in 1995. 
2. It aims at creating self-employment opportunities in rural areas and urban towns.
3. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the programme under the Tenth Five Year plan.

Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) : 

1. This programme was launched in 1999. 
2. The programme aims to assist poor families above the poverty line by organising them into self help groups through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy

Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) : 

1. This programme was launched in 2000. 
2. It aims at creating and improving basic services like primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification.

Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)  : 

1. This programme was launched in 2000. 
2. The main purpose of the system is to provide food security to the people to end hunger in India.
3. It provides subsidised grains to the poorest among the poor through PDS.

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).

1. This act was passed in September 2005. 
2. The act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. 
3. Later, the scheme would be extended to 600 districts. 
4. One-third of the proposed jobs have been reserved for women.
5. The scheme provided employment to 220 crores person days of employment to 4.78 crore households.
6. 53 per cent reserved for women
7. 23 per cent reserved for SC
8. 17 per cent reserved for ST