9th CBSE Notes On Climate

 

 Grade : IX 

 GEOGRAPHY  CHAPTER : 4 

CLIMATE 

IMPROVE YOUR LEARNING

16th November 2022

 Date : 16th November,  Day : Wednesday 

IMPROVE YOUR LEARNING

SAQ 01. Difference between Weather and Climate ?

Ans: 

WEATHER	CLIMATE
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a specific place at a given point of time	Climate is the average weather condition over a place for long period of time (more than thirty years)
It may involve one condition of the atmosphere	Climate includes all the atmospheric conditions such as Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation, Wind, Pressure etc
It changes from hour to hour or day to day	It remains same for longer period
It is temporary	It is permanent
Weather commonly pronounced as Sunny day, Windy day, Rainy day etc	Climate commonly pronounced as Summer season, Winter, Monsoon etc
Study of weather is called Meteorology	Study of Climate is called Climatology

VSAQ 02. What are the elements of weather and climate ?

Ans: Temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation.

LAQ 02. Explain climatic control ?

Ans: The factors which affect weather and climate are called Climatic control

They are:

    ☛Latitude,

    ☛Altitude,

    ☛Pressure and wind system, 

    ☛Distance from the sea (continentality), 

    ☛Ocean currents and

    ☛Relief features.

Latitude

・Due to the curvature of the earth, the amount of solar energy received varies according to latitude.

・The intensity of the temperature depends on latitude

・This is much intense in the region of equator than poles.

・The tropic of cancer divides the India into two climatic zone

・Southern part comes under tropical zone( Torrid ) and north under sub tropical zone ( Temperature)

・Therefore, India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climates.

・This is one reason for the

climate of Kanyakumari being entirely different from Bhopal or Delhi. 

Altitude

・When altitude increase temperature decrease with less dense of atmosphere

・The hills are therefore cooler during summers

・This is the reason people used to go hill stations like shimla, Darjeeling, Nainital etc during peak summer as summer resorts.

17th November 2022

 Date : 17th November,  Day : Thurssday 

Pressure and Winds

・India lies in the region of dry north easterly trade winds.

・These winds originate from the subtropical high-pressure belt of the northern hemisphere

・The climate of India is also affected by the movement of upper air currents

known as ‘jet streams’.

・These are fast flowing air currents in a narrow belt in the upper atmosphere, above 12,000 m. 

・The speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter

・When altitude increase temperature decrease with less dense of atmosphere

Distance from the sea

・The amount of sunlight that is first absorbed and then radiated back or

directly reflected depends on the nature of the surface

・The ocean absorbs and loses heat more slowly than land. 

・ This helps to the formation of Land and sea  breeze

・A large part of southern India, because of its long coast line, enjoys moderate climate ie not much hot on summer and not much cool in winter due to the influence of the sea

Ocean Currents

・An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of sea water generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, temperature and salinity differences.

・Ocean currents along with onshore winds affect the climate of the coastal areas, 

・The cold current move from pole to equator

・ The warm current move from equator to pole

Relief

・Relief plays a major role in determining the climate of a place.

・High mountains act as barriers for cold or hot winds

・They may also cause precipitation if they are high enough and lie in the path of rain-bearing winds.

・The leeward side of mountains remains relatively dry.

18th November 2022

 Date : 18th November,  Day : Friday 

SAQ 03. What do you meant by October heat?

Ans: 

・The months of October-November form a period of transition from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions. 

・The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. 

・While day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant. 

・The land is still moist. 

・Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive during the day.

・This is commonly known as ‘October heat’.

15th December 2022

 Date : 15th December,  Day : Thursday

SAQ 04. What do you mean by Southern Oscillation?

Ans: 

・The changes in the pressure conditions over the

southern oceans are known as Southern Oscillation.

・Normally when the tropical eastern south Pacific Ocean experiences high pressure, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean experiences low pressure.

・But in certain years, there is a reversal in the pressure conditions and the eastern Pacific has lower pressure in comparison to the eastern

Indian Ocean. 

VSAQ 06. What do you mean by Bursting Monsoon?

Ans: 

・Around the time of the arrival of monsoon the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues constantly for several days, which is known as the “burst” of the monsoon or Pre monsoon showers.

SAQ 07. Explain the Winter season in India.

Ans: 

・The Cold Weather Season (Winter) begins from mid-November in northern India and stays till February.

・December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India.

・The temperature decreases from south to the north.

・Days are warm and nights are cold.

・The weather is marked by clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity and feeble, variable winds.

・This season is extremely important for the cultivation of ‘rabi’ crops.

SAQ 08. Explain the Summer season in India.

Ans: 

・The Hot Weather Season (Summer)

begins from March to May.

・The summer months experience rising temperature and falling air pressure in the northern part of the country. 

・A striking feature of the hot weather season is the ‘loo’. 

・Loo is the strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blowing during the day over the north and northwestern India.

VSAQ 09. What is Mango showers?

Ans: 

Towards the close of the summer season, pre-monsoon showers help in the early ripening of mangoes in the region of AP, Telangana etc and are often referred to as ‘mango showers’.

SAQ 10. Explain about the distribution of Rainfall in India?

Ans: 

・The parts of the western coast and northeastern India receive over about 400 cm of rainfall annually.

・Rainfall is less than 60 cm in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab.

・Rainfall is low in the interior of the Deccan plateau, and east of the Sahyadris.

・Snowfall is restricted to the Himalayan region.

・The annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year.

LAQ 11. How can you say that the  Monsoon act as unifying bond in India ?

Ans: 

・The word unifying bond is used in reference for monsoon because it binds the entire country together as it provides the much needed water to the agricultural activities. 

・Every year farmers all around the country wait and depend  for the monsoon season so that their crops can get water. 

・The water that the monsoon rain provides is for free and it saves a lot of money for the farmers.

・ The flora and fauna of the country are very much influenced by the monsoon.

・Many Indian festivals which are known by different names around the country are related to the agricultural cycles that are decided by the monsoon.

・The water from the monsoon fills up the rivers which are used by humans and animals for different purposes.

・The monsoon rainfall provides a breath of fresh air for the agricultural community.

・This forms a unifying bond as it binds the whole country and sets the agricultural activities in motion.