9th CBSE Notes on Electoral Politics

 

  Grade : IX 

 POLITICS   CHAPTER  

 ELECTORAL POLITICS 

Question And Answers

Define the following

Universal Adult franchises : Every citizen of India who is 18 years of age or above has a right to vote without discrimination of caste, creed, sex, colour, etc.

Voters :People who have the right to vote or participate in the election to elect their representatives are known as ‘voters’

Polling Booth : A polling booth is a place where voters go inside to caste their vote. Inside the booth, and election officials identify them and put a mark on their finger and allow them to cast their vote. .

Electoral rolls : The list voters are called Electoral Rolls

Code of Conduct: A set of norms and guidelines to be followed by political parties and contesting candidates during election time.

Constituency: The entire country is divided into fixed electoral areas as per the population of the geographical area for purposes of elections is called Constituency

Expand the following

UAF : Universal Adult Franchise 

EPIC : Electoral Photo Identity Card

EVM : Electronic Voting Machine

VVPAT : Voter Verified Paper Audit Trial

Very short answer questions (2 Marks )

Difference between General Election and Bi-Election ?

                        Or

What type of Election system followed in India ?

GENERAL  ELECTION	BI - ELECTION
1. This Election is held to elect the members to parliament or assembly	1. This  Election is to fill the vacancy caused by  death or resignation of a member
2. Elections are held in all constituencies	2. Elections are held only in one constituency
3. This Elections are held regularly for every five years	3. This Election can be done at any time.

What are the qualities required to be a candidate in Election ?

 ▪ He or she must be the citizen of India
 ▪ He or she must be attain 25 years of age
Every candidate has to make a legal declaration, giving full details of :
     ▪ Serious criminal cases pending against the candidate;
     ▪ Details of the assets and liabilities of the candidate and his or her family

     ▪ Educational qualifications of the candidate.

Short answer questions (3 Marks )

What is Election ? Why do we need it ?

 The mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them whenever they want to is called an Election.

Election is important for the following reason,

1. Elections encourage the citizens to elect their representatives, who then pass laws on their behalf.
2. People can choose who is going to shape the government and make important decisions.
3. They can choose the party whose policies will guide the making of government and law.
4. Elections provide us with a peaceful transition of power from one form of government to another. 
5. Elections guarantee that no government is elected for an indefinite period of time 
6. Elections encourage citizens to engage in their country’s affairs 
7. It forces political workers to act for the people’s well-being.

What is Reserved constituency ? Why it is necessary ?

Reserved constituencies are constituencies in which seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Tribes based on the size of their population.

1. It is necessary because 
2. The Constitution makers of India were worried that in an open electoral competition, certain weaker sections may not stand a good chance to get elected to the Lok Sabha and the state Legislative Assemblies.
3. They may not have the required resources, education and contacts to contest and win elections against others. 
4. Those who are influential and resourceful may prevent them from winning elections. 
5. If that happens, our Parliament and Assemblies would be deprived of the voice of a significant section of our population.
6. That would make our democracy less representative and less democratic.
7. So, the makers of our Constitution thought of a special system of reserved constituencies for the weaker sections as Reserved Constituency

Explain the Code of conduct should be follow by the candidate and party during election.

1. No political announcement targeting caste or religion
2. No candidates should campaign in places such as temple, mosque, church, other holy places, educational institution
3. No candidates shall influence the voters either by giving cash or any articles
4. No voter shall be used to cast vote on others identity
5. No political party shall either get voters to the polling booth or drop them from polling station
6. Hoisting party flag, tying banners and writing on the walls, pasting posters on the houses are not allowed without permission
7. Once elections are announced, Ministers shall not lay foundation stones of any projects, take any big policy decisions or make any promises of providing public facilities.

Explain the Functions of Election Commission.

Article 324 part of 15 of the constitution states the formation, powers and function of the EC

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION

・Under this function EC prepares electoral rolls, Revises them in a due time 

・Demarcation of constituencies and their territorial limit as per the Delimitation Commission

・Giving recognition to the political parties and allots the symbols to them.

・ It announces the schedule of election, Receive nomination, Scrutinizes and Finalizes the polling dates

・ It frames and implements the code of conduct to be followed by the parties during elections

・It appoints enquiry officers to observe electoral mall practices 

・During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some guidelines, to prevent use and misuse of governmental power

ADVISORY FUNCTION

 ・ It advises the President and the Governors of the states regarding the disqualification of the representatives to the parliament and state assembly

QUAZI (Apparently ) JUDICIAL FUNCTION

・It solves the disputes between parties

・At this time it acts as Quazi judicial authority

What are the different Election officers at different level ?

.