Date : 18/6/2021 Friday
Chapter : Matter Around Us
Matter : Anything which occupies space and has mass is called Matter.
Molecule : All the matter is made up of tiny particles are called Molecules.
Atom : A very tiny and identical unit of a matter is called Atom
Sub Atomic Particles : Proton , Electron & Neutron
Proton discovered by : Earnest Rutherford
Electron discovered by : J.J Thomson
Neutron discovered by : James Chadwick
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Date : 21/6/2021 Monday
What are the different states of Matter ?
Answer : Solid , Liquid and Gas.
What are the different states of Water ?
Answer : Ice - Solid , Water - Liquid and
Steam - Gas.
Name the substance which can be found in three states like water .
Answer : Candle , Ghee , Wax etc
Evaporation : The process of converting from Liquid to Gas by heating is called Evaporation
Eg : Water changes into steam
Condensation : The process of converting from Gas to Liquid by Cooling is called Condensation.
Eg : Watervapor changes into water
Fusion / Melting : The process of converting from Solid to Liquid by heating is called Fusion / Melting.
Eg : Melting of Ice
Freezing : The process of converting from Liquid to Solid by Cooling is called Freezing.
Eg : Frozen
Sublimation : The process of converting directly from Solid to Gas by heating is called Sublimation.
Eg : Naphthalene ball , Agarbathi
Deposition : The process of converting directly from Gas to Solid by cooling is called Deposition.
Eg : Falling dust aprticle after burning firewood
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Date : 23/6/2021 Wednesday
How can you prove that solids have definite shape and volume ?
Ans : I can prove that solids have definite shape and volume through an activity.
If I drop a book or pen on the floor. It does not flow but remains rigid with a definite shape, distinct boundaries and a fixed volume .This shows that solids have definite shape and volume.
Explain the shape of liquids through an activity.
Ans:
Aim : Finding the shape of Liquids
Materials Required : Five different shaped containers, Water or any liquids
Procedure : I took five different shaped containers and placed on the table and noted each container as A B C D E respectively.
Now I poured 50 ml of water in each containers and observed the shape.
Observation : I observed that the water in the each container has different shape.
Conclusion : Through this activity I Concluded that the shape of the liquids depend on the shape of the contaier.
Precaution :
1. Should take different shaped containers.
2. Handle with care while using Glass containers.
Explain the volume of liquids through an activity.
Ans:
Aim : Finding the volume of Liquids
Materials Required : A beaker, Water , Oil and Milk
Procedure : I took 100 ml of beaker then I added 50 ml of water in it and marked the level of the water.
Now I removed the water from it and added 50 ml of oil and marked the level of the milk.
Again I removed the oil and added 50 ml of oil in it and marked the level of oil.
Observation : I observed that the level of Water, milk and oil shows same.
Conclusion : Through this activity I Concluded that the liquids have definite or fixed volume.
Precaution :
1. Should take different liquid.
2. Handle with care while using glass beaker.
3. Assure that there should not be any liquid before adding another liquid
Explain the compressibility property of solid, liquid and gas through an activity.
Ans:
Aim : Finding the compressibility property of solid, liquid and gas.
Materials Required : A big size syringe, Water and sand
Procedure : I took the syringe and drawn the piston to suck in air and closed the nozzle with my thumb and pressed the piston.
I felt little hard to press because the air inside the syringe get compressed.
Then I marked the height of the air coloumn.
Now I filled the water in the syringe and closed the nozzle with my thumb and pressed the piston
I felt very hard to press because the water inside the piston get compressed.
Then I marked the height of water column.
Again I done the same process with sand at this time I can't even press the piston
Observation : I observed that the height of the air column is less than the water and sand.
Conclusion : Through this activity I Concluded that Gas has high compressibility than liquid and solid
Precaution :
1. Should close the nozzle while press the piston.
2. Assure that there is no leakage in the syringee.
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Date : 28/6/2021 Day : Monday
Diffusion : Diffusion is the movement of a liquid or gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is possible only when the particles of matter move continuously and freely.
How can you prove that solid and liquid can be diffuse into liquid ?
Ans:
Aim : To prove that solid and liquid can be diffuse into liquid.
Materials Required : A Round bottomed flask , A beaker , A test tube , Potassium permanganate ( KMnO4 ) crystals and Water
Procedure 1 : I took the round bottomed flask with 250 ml of water then I added few KMn04 crystals in it and observed.
Observation 1 : I observed that the colour of water changes into violet / dark pinkish color.
Procedure 2 : Now I took 10 ml of KMnO4 solution into the test tube from this flask and added to the another beaker which contain 100 ml of water and observed
Observation 2 : I observed that the colour of the water in the beaker also changes into light pinkish color.
Conclusion : By the above both observation I Concluded that Solid and liquid can be diffuse into liquid because the liquid has Intermediate Force of Attraction and Intermolecular space.
Actually the solid took the space between the molecules of water that's the reason the solid particles looks like disappear.
Precaution :
1. Handle with care while using the glass beakers
2. Should wear the glows while using chemicals.
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Date : 02/07/2021 Day : Friday
Why diffusion is the most important process for living things ?
Ans:
Certain gases from atmosphere particularly
Oxygen & Carbon Di Oxide diffuse and dissolve in water support the survival of
aquatic animals and plants.
During respiration Oxygen diffuses from
lungs into blood and carbon di oxide diffuse
from blood into lungs.
Therefore diffusion is a very important
process for living things,
Intermolecular Space :
Space between the molecules are called Intermolecular space.
Force of attraction :
Attraction between the particles are called
force of attraction.
What are the factors made the rate of
diffusion of gas is higher than solid and liquid ?
Ans:
The Factors which made the rate of diffusion of gas is higher than the solid & liquid are given below.
01. The arrangement of molecules in the gas is very loose.
02. As it is a fluid It can be flow very easily from one place to other.
03. It has very high Intermolecular space.
04. The Force of attraction is very low in gas.
How do you prove that the speed of diffusion of Ammonia is more than that of the speed of diffusion of Hydrochloric Acid through an activity ? ( Write in your Fair note )
Ans:
Aim : To observe the speed of diffusion of two gases
Materials Required : Long glass tube, Liquid Ammonia ( NH3), Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), Pieces of cotton, Two rubber corks and pair of tongs.
Procedure : I took the long narrow glass tube, Then I took two pieces of cotton and soaked one into Ammonia solution and other piece soaked with Hydrochloric acid with the help of tongs.
Now I inserted both cotton pieces at both end of the glass tube separately and closed with rubber cork.
Observation : I observed that a white fumes of Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl ) formed inside the test tube because the The HCl Acid gives of Hydrogen chloride gas and NH3 Solution gives of Ammonia gas and both gas together form Ammonium chloride.
Equation : NH3 + HCl --> NH4Cl
Now I calculated the distance from Ammonium chloride to Ammonia and HCl.
Conclution : I concluded that Ammonia gas diffuse faster than Hydrogen chloride gas because the distance from Ammonia to Ammonium chloride is more than the HCl acid.
If the molecular weight of the gas is more it diffuse slower, if less it diffuse faster.
In our case the molecular weight of HCl (36.5 g ) which is more than the weight of NH3 ( 17 g ).
That's why Ammonia gas diffuse very faster than Hydrogen chloride gas
Precaution :
1. Should take care of handling HCl Acid and Glass tube
2. We should assure that there is no leakage
of gas from the glass tube.
3. Must wear glows while using chemicals.